Africa

  1. From doctor to journalist, Feinberg alum discusses career in global health

    April 18, 2012 by Marguerite McNeal

    Panosian, a Feinberg alum, co-founded the global health program at UCLA, where she is a professor of medicine. She spoke about her career in global health Tuesday at Northwestern Memorial Hospital.

    What do malaria, global health and main street journalism have to do with one another? Dr. Claire Panosian Dunavan, a Feinberg alum, wove together her experience in these three fields Tuesday morning for the annual alumni lecture at Northwestern Memorial Hospital.

    Panosian had no medical expertise when she spent the summer of 1972 in Haiti. Little did she know the images of malaria, malnutrition and severe diarrhea she encountered would lead her to a career in global health.

    Panosian, currently a professor at UCLA in the infectious disease department,
    recounted stories from her experiences studying malaria in Africa and Asia. She also talked about her accidental role as a medical journalist and how it enables her to spread awareness about global health.

    In 1993, Panosian was invited to participate in a major malaria policy report that recommended subsidizing artemisinin drug combination treatments for the entire global market.

    “To see how the policy played out, both perfectly and imperfectly, has shaped my education,” she said. Subsidies for these drugs remain crucial for malaria control today.

    Experts underestimated mortality from malaria, according to a February report from The Lancet. “The study shows that mortality from malaria is about twice what we thought it was,” Panosian said. “It’s very worrisome.”

    During Panosian’s work with control policies, she noticed a surge of interest in the field of global health from young doctors. She co-founded the global health department at UCLA, where she teaches an introductory course every year.

    “I expect my students to understand health and finance indicators, such as life expectancy and fertility rates,” Panosian said. “We should all understand these statistics as global citizens.”

    The public, inundated with blogs, single-source articles and short health clips on the nightly news, is uncertain about what’s happening in medicine. “There’s a traditional role of medical experts to assist and advise professional journalists,” Panosian said.

    She encouraged fellow medical professionals to harness their expertise and use their voice to help the public understand health issues. “It isn’t as hard as you think to write an op-ed for your local paper.”

    Panosian writes about global health and other medical issues for Los Angeles Times, Scientific American and Discover Magazine. “Starting with a local audience is a great way to expand and to introduce global health,” she told the crowd of doctors and medical students. “People will turn to trustworthy sources and you are those sources for certain topics.”

  2. Bringing the Lab to the Village: An Update from Northwestern’s Global Health Initiative (GHI)

    July 8, 2010 by Janka Pieper

    As part of NU@AHEAD’s Professional Development Brown Bag series on Thursday, July 1st, Kara Palamountain, Executive Director of the Global Health Initiative (GHI) at the Kellogg School of Management, gave an update on the progress the GHI group has made since it received a $4.9 million grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates foundation in 2006. GHI’s uses an interdisciplinary approach (GHI’s work spreads across various NU schools, including Kellogg, McCormick and Feinberg) to develop and distribute affordable diagnostic devices for infectious diseases to be used in low-resource countries all over the world. GHI initially receives proprietary intellectual properties donated from partner companies, such as Abbott or Invernes, while NU students and faculty then develop that IP into a usable product, test it, and in the end hope to return it to these companies for them to bring the product back to the market.

    One of GHI’s products, a handheld portable Early Infant HIV Diagnosis Test (EID), has been developed by NU students and faculty and is currently ready for clinical testing. As is the case with many low-income countries, most births do not take place at healthcare facilities and thus HIV testing of infants is rare, if not non-existent. In Uganda for example, out of the 1.2 million births each year, 100,000 infants are exposed to HIV. Out of these 100,000 infants, an estimated 20,000 babies in fact end-up with an HIV-infection, with only approximately 0.007% of all infants actually getting tested for HIV.  GHI has taken students to various low-resource countries, such as Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania and Uganda for market research and market entry analysis.

    During their market analysis, GHI researchers and developers have identified several problems, which are an intrinsic part of the lack of market structure. One of the problems is the inherent shortage of healthcare workers, especially technicians. Imagine a piece of equipment breaking in a lab in Durban, South Africa. The closest technician who would be able to fix this piece of equipment lives in Nairobi, while the next closest technician lives in Germany. GHI researchers, therefore, identified the need for portable, easy-to-use, rugged and accurate devices. Another problem researchers identified lies within the distribution of lab results.  Researchers analyzed how long it takes for test results to be delivered to the patient.  In Botswana for example, this could take between 2-16 weeks, in Mozambique at least 3 months, and in Namibia 1-4 weeks. The unpredictable timeframe of delivering tests to the patients results in a backlog of unclaimed results. Most patients can’t afford to return to clinics every week to check in on their test results.  This is a major problem that needs to be solved to assure the delivery of lab results to the patient.

    While there are many obstacles in bringing a product to an underdeveloped country, there are routes for the development and distribution of diagnostics products that will benefit global health.  GHI researchers and developers are optimistic and are looking forward to see the first product clinically tested soon.  More updates to follow!

    Download a PDF to Kara Palamountain’s NU@AHEAD presentation here.